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Personality disorders Personality Disorders A major deviation from normal patterns of behavior. Cluster A Personality Disorders are ego-syntonic behaviors that begin in childhood or adolescence and are classified into 3 clusters: A, B, and C. They can considerably interfere with a patient’s adherence to medical treatment for a variety of reasons. It is important to rule out organic causes of a mental disorder (e.g., endocrine hormone imbalances, medication adverse effects, alcohol and/or substance use, other mental health co-morbidities) before ascribing a personality disorder to a patient. Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders Personality Disorders A major deviation from normal patterns of behavior. Cluster A Personality Disorders, which can be behaviorally described as anxious and apprehensive.
Last updated: Feb 17, 2023
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Key features
Risk factors
Management
Clinical associations
Key features
Risk factors
Management
Clinical associations
Key features
Risk factors
Management
Clinical associations
Cluster C disorder | Avoidant | Dependent | Obsessive-compulsive |
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Key features | Involuntary social withdrawal due to fear of criticism and rejection |
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Defense mechanism Defense mechanism Unconscious process used by an individual or a group of individuals in order to cope with impulses, feelings or ideas which are not acceptable at their conscious level; various types include reaction formation, projection and self reversal. Psychotherapy | N/A | Regression Regression Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers | N/A |
Differentials |
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition characterized by obsessions (recurring and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images) and/or compulsions (repetitive actions the person is compelled to perform) that are time-consuming and associated with functional impairment. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) ( OCD OCD Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition characterized by obsessions (recurring and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images) and/or compulsions (repetitive actions the person is compelled to perform) that are time-consuming and associated with functional impairment. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)) and other related disorders (e.g., hoarding disorder) |
Management | Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is interpersonal treatment based on the understanding of psychological principles and mechanisms of mental disease. The treatment approach is often individualized, depending on the psychiatric condition(s) or circumstance. Psychotherapy (first line) with low-dose pharmacotherapy for applicable symptoms (e.g., anxiolytics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers) | Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is interpersonal treatment based on the understanding of psychological principles and mechanisms of mental disease. The treatment approach is often individualized, depending on the psychiatric condition(s) or circumstance. Psychotherapy (first line) with low-dose pharmacotherapy for applicable symptoms (e.g., anxiolytics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers) | Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is interpersonal treatment based on the understanding of psychological principles and mechanisms of mental disease. The treatment approach is often individualized, depending on the psychiatric condition(s) or circumstance. Psychotherapy (first line) with low-dose pharmacotherapy for applicable symptoms (e.g., anxiolytics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers) |
Epidemiology | ♀>>♂ | ♀>>♂ | ♂>♀ |
Example | A 22-year-old college student wants to try out for the volleyball team, but is afraid of not being accepted, so she stays home. | A wife defers her medical treatment decisions to her husband, who has a history of spousal abuse. | A 42-year-old man has an alphabetically organized baseball card collection, color-coded sock drawer, and a library numerically arranged by publication year. |